"The Immigrant": A woman's tale of assimilation

Director James Gray describes his new movie, “The Immigrant,” as “a strange combination” of family history and Puccini.

Starring Marion Cotillard, Joaquin Phoenix and Jeremy Renner, the film is an emotional story of a woman making her way in an unfamiliar land, where she is subjected to cruelty, abuse, and a strangely gripping form of desire on the part of the man who sells her body to others.

marion-cotillard-burlesque-the-immigrant.jpg

Cotillard (“La Vie en Rose,” “Inception”) plays Ewa Cybulski, a Polish woman who arrives at Ellis Island in 1921. Separated from her sister by the authorities and threatened with deportation, she seeks help from a charming but mysterious man, Bruno (Phoenix), who pulls her under his protective wing — and into a world of burlesque and prostitution.

Their relationship is a co-dependent one, and Bruno appears as tortured by his use of Ewa as she is by her vulnerable situation in a new country.

Renner plays a stage magician, Orlando, who entrances Ewa and becomes a potent rival of Bruno’s.

At a press conference during the recent New York Film Festival (where the film had its North American debut), Gray said his inspiration came from attending a performance of the Puccini operetta, “Suor Angelica.”

“It was told from the female perspective and I spent the better part of the 60 minutes of the operetta weeping,” he said. “And I thought that there was something extremely beautiful about exploring melodrama from a female protagonist’s perspective, because I would be freed from all the constraints of what I might call macho posturing, male behavior, all that stuff, and get right of the heart of it.”

The film was also colored by stories the director had heard from his grandparents, Russian Jews and Poles who came though Ellis Island in 1923: “My grandparents told me all these stories: ‘We didn’t know what a banana was, we bit into it,’ and that wound up in [the film].”

But Gray said his film is not the typical story told in movies about immigrants, where the newly-arrived declare, “I came to America and it was fantastic, and I loved it.”

“The truth is my grandparents spoke really no English until the day they died, didn’t really assimilate at all,” Gray said. “And there was a tremendous melancholy, especially [for] my grandfather, who used to talk about how he missed the old country, which I never understood — my grandmother’s parents were beheaded by Cossacks! I never understood what he was missing really, but I found it interesting that he still had this pull for the place. And to me it meant that immigration is a bit more complicated. So that was one of the moods I was trying to impart.”

Gray, who said he wanted to apply the post-war concept of a co-dependent relationship to a period story about a man and woman, co-wrote the film (with Ric Menello) for Cotillard and Phoenix.

Originally, though, “I didn’t know who Marion Cotillard was,” he said. “I had become friendly with her boyfriend and we went out to dinner in Paris and I met her, and she and I started arguing about an actor who she loved and I thought was overrated. And she threw a piece of bread at my head. And when she mentioned she thought I was a jerk, I immediately liked her as a result.”

“I thought she had a great face — not just physically beautiful, which she is, but a haunted quality almost, like a silent film actress. She reminded me of Renee Jeanne Falconetti [from the Dreyer film, 'The Passion of Joan of Arc'] — very able to convey depth of emotion without dialogue specifically. So I wrote the movie for her and for Joaquin, and if they hadn’t wanted to do the movie I’m not sure I would have made it.”

Phoenix and Gray had worked together in “The Yards” (2000), a crime drama set in New York’s outer boroughs; “We Own the Night” (2007), about a nightclub owner and his brother, a NYC cop; and “Two Loves” (2008), a romance co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow.

james-gray-joaquin-phoenix-183117818.jpg

When asked how working with Gray on “The Immigrant” differed from their previous collaborations, Phoenix replied, “I don’t know. Every film is different. I really don’t remember. I’d love to give you examples of how this is different but I can’t think of anything.”

“That’s so untrue,” said Gray. “You’re such a different actor than you were then.”

“Maybe that’s true, James!” laughed Phoenix. “But I’m just not aware of how so.”

Gray added, “Well, I can say that Joaquin has taught me a very valuable lesson, which is to be very process-oriented. Not to think about the results but to enjoy the doing of it, which is not so easy when you’re in a narcissistic position like directing.”

“Well-said, James,” Joaquin quipped.

Production of “The Immigrant” took place in New York City (including two days at Ellis Island, the first feature to shoot on the island), with stage work at the Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens, where the film’s tenement sets were constructed. The film was luminously shot, on 35mm film, by cinematographer Darius Khondji (“Seven”), and features excellent production design by Happy Massee (“Two Lovers,” Welcome to the Rileys”) and costume design by Patricia Norris (“12 Years a Slave”).

The lighting and textures of the film, in addition to the tenor of the piece, recall Hollywood films from the early 1970s — a period that was particularly important to Gray. “That was a wonderful period in American cinema where there was a kind of honesty and directness to the emotional life of these characters,” he said. “There are many filmmakers today who work in a very admirable way, but if you look at the studio system, it certainly represented a kind of a peak — there’s 1939-1941, and then there’s 1969 to about 1974, ’75. Those are the periods that have inspired me.”

Gray said that while he strived to make sure the production was true to period, “We softened it quite a bit. Truth is, actual tenement life was worthless — rife with vermin, everybody had typhus. I decided I didn’t want the movie to be about that. It’s not an anthropological study.”

“The Immigrant” (The Weinstein Company) is rated R, and opens in select theatres on May 16.

To watch a trailer for “The Immigrant” click on the video player below.


More from the New York Film Festival:

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"The Immigrant": A woman's tale of assimilation

Director James Gray describes his new movie, “The Immigrant,” as “a strange combination” of family history and Puccini.

Starring Marion Cotillard, Joaquin Phoenix and Jeremy Renner, the film is an emotional story of a woman making her way in an unfamiliar land, where she is subjected to cruelty, abuse, and a strangely gripping form of desire on the part of the man who sells her body to others.

marion-cotillard-burlesque-the-immigrant.jpg

Cotillard (“La Vie en Rose,” “Inception”) plays Ewa Cybulski, a Polish woman who arrives at Ellis Island in 1923. Separated from her sister by the authorities and threatened with deportation, she seeks help from a charming but mysterious man, Bruno (Phoenix), who pulls her under his protective wing — and into a world of burlesque and prostitution.

Their relationship is a co-dependent one, and Bruno appears as tortured by his use of Ewa as she is by her vulnerable situation in a new country.

Renner plays a stage magician, Orlando, who entrances Ewa and becomes a potent rival of Bruno’s.

At a press conference during the recent New York Film Festival (where the film had its North American debut), Gray said his inspiration came from attending a performance of the Puccini operetta, “Suor Angelica.”

“It was told from the female perspective and I spent the better part of the 60 minutes of the operetta weeping,” he said. “And I thought that there was something extremely beautiful about exploring melodrama from a female protagonist’s perspective, because I would be freed from all the constraints of what I might call macho posturing, male behavior, all that stuff, and get right of the heart of it.”

The film was also colored by stories the director had heard from his grandparents, Russian Jews and Poles who came though Ellis Island in 1923: “My grandparents told me all these stories: ‘We didn’t know what a banana was, we bit into it,’ and that wound up in [the film].”

But Gray said his film is not the typical story told in movies about immigrants, where the newly-arrived declare, “I came to America and it was fantastic, and I loved it.”

“The truth is my grandparents spoke really no English until the day they died, didn’t really assimilate at all,” Gray said. “And there was a tremendous melancholy, especially [for] my grandfather, who used to talk about how he missed the old country, which I never understood — my grandmother’s parents were beheaded by Cossacks! I never understood what he was missing really, but I found it interesting that he still had this pull for the place. And to me it meant that immigration is a bit more complicated. So that was one of the moods I was trying to impart.”

Gray, who said he wanted to apply the post-war concept of a co-dependent relationship to a period story about a man and woman, co-wrote the film (with Ric Menello) for Cotillard and Phoenix.

Originally, though, “I didn’t know who Marion Cotillard was,” he said. “I had become friendly with her boyfriend and we went out to dinner in Paris and I met her, and she and I started arguing about an actor who she loved and I thought was overrated. And she threw a piece of bread at my head. And when she mentioned she thought I was a jerk, I immediately liked her as a result.”

“I thought she had a great face — not just physically beautiful, which she is, but a haunted quality almost, like a silent film actress. She reminded me of Renee Jeanne Falconetti [from the Dreyer film, 'The Passion of Joan of Arc'] — very able to convey depth of emotion without dialogue specifically. So I wrote the movie for her and for Joaquin, and if they hadn’t wanted to do the movie I’m not sure I would have made it.”

Phoenix and Gray had worked together in “The Yards” (2000), a crime drama set in New York’s outer boroughs; “We Own the Night” (2007), about a nightclub owner and his brother, a NYC cop; and “Two Loves” (2008), a romance co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow.

james-gray-joaquin-phoenix-183117818.jpg

When asked how working with Gray on “The Immigrant” differed from their previous collaborations, Phoenix replied, “I don’t know. Every film is different. I really don’t remember. I’d love to give you examples of how this is different but I can’t think of anything.”

“That’s so untrue,” said Gray. “You’re such a different actor than you were then.”

“Maybe that’s true, James!” laughed Phoenix. “But I’m just not aware of how so.”

Gray added, “Well, I can say that Joaquin has taught me a very valuable lesson, which is to be very process-oriented. Not to think about the results but to enjoy the doing of it, which is not so easy when you’re in a narcissistic position like directing.”

“Well-said, James,” Joaquin quipped.

Production of “The Immigrant” took place in New York City (including two days at Ellis Island, the first feature to shoot on the island), with stage work at the Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens, where the film’s tenement sets were constructed. The film was luminously shot, on 35mm film, by cinematographer Darius Khondji (“Seven”), and features excellent production design by Happy Massee (“Two Lovers,” Welcome to the Rileys”) and costume design by Patricia Norris (“12 Years a Slave”).

The lighting and textures of the film, in addition to the tenor of the piece, recall Hollywood films from the early 1970s — a period that was particularly important to Gray. “That was a wonderful period in American cinema where there was a kind of honesty and directness to the emotional life of these characters,” he said. “There are many filmmakers today who work in a very admirable way, but if you look at the studio system, it certainly represented a kind of a peak — there’s 1939-1941, and then there’s 1969 to about 1974, ’75. Those are the periods that have inspired me.”

Gray said that while he strived to make sure the production was true to period, “We softened it quite a bit. Truth is, actual tenement life was worthless — rife with vermin, everybody had typhus. I decided I didn’t want the movie to be about that. It’s not an anthropological study.”

“The Immigrant” (The Weinstein Company) is rated R, and opens in select theatres on May 16.

To watch a trailer for “The Immigrant” on YouTube click on the link.

More from the New York Film Festival:

Source Article from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-immigrant-a-womans-tale-of-assimilation/
"The Immigrant": A woman's tale of assimilation
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Mexican immigrant seeks refuge from deportation in Arizona church

By Paul Ingram

TUCSON, Arizona (Reuters) – A Mexican immigrant who has lived illegally in the United States for more than a decade has taken refuge in an Arizona church after he was ordered deported, in a high-profile and highly personal challenge to U.S. immigration policy.

Daniel Neyoy Ruiz, 36, was ordered in April to report for voluntary deportation on Tuesday. He instead turned to a Tucson church whose leaders were once heavily involved in a movement to give sanctuary to refugees streaming to the country from wars in Central America in the 1980s.

“I’ll do anything it takes to stay with my family,” said Neyoy Ruiz, who has lived in the United States for 14 years and has a 13-year-old son who is a U.S. citizen.

Federal immigration officials have focused their efforts on stopping illegal border crossings and deporting unauthorized immigrants arrested for crimes.

Under pressure from groups who say too many non-violent immigrants are caught in the system, President Barack Obama is expected to announce revisions in the coming weeks to U.S. deportation policy.

Neyoy Ruiz is not the first immigrant to turn to a church for refuge from deportation. In 2006, Mexican immigrant activist Elvira Arellano famously entered a Chicago church and stayed there for a year, but was ultimately deported.

She has since returned to the United States and seeks to stay on humanitarian grounds.

Neyoy Ruiz and his wife came to the United States from Mexico 14 years ago. He was caught in a 2011 traffic stop when a police officer noticed smoke emerging from the back of his car and pulled him over, said his attorney Margo Cowan.

Unable to produce identification, Neyoy Ruiz was held for U.S. immigration authorities and spent a month in detention.

About a month ago, a letter arrived from U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, said Neyoy Ruiz, giving him 30 days to appear for voluntary deportation before midnight.

Fearing separation from his family, Neyoy Ruiz asked for help from Southside Presbyterian in Tucson and went to stay at the house of worship on Tuesday.

“The community was very moved by Daniel and the importance of protecting the unity of his family,” said Reverend Alison Harrington, the church pastor.

An immigration spokeswoman said in an email on Tuesday the agency was “conducting a comprehensive review of Mr. Ruiz’s case to determine appropriate next steps.”

Ira Mehlman, a spokesman for the Federation for American Immigration Reform which seeks to limit numbers entering the United States, criticized the church’s action.

“Churches don’t have the legal right or the moral authority to impact removal orders that have been handed down by the courts,” he said.

(Editing by Alex Dobuzinskis and Clarence Fernandez)

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Immigrant activists turn up heat on Democrats

WASHINGTON (AP) — Immigrant youth activists are pressuring leading Senate Democrats to call on President Barack Obama to halt deportations — even as Obama tries to keep the focus on the House GOP.

The activism by United We Dream highlights a split among Democrats and immigration advocates. Some are pushing for immediate executive action by Obama, while others say the president should hold off until later in the summer to give House Republicans every opportunity to pass an immigration overhaul bill.

The divide has emerged near the one-year anniversary of Senate passage of a bipartisan immigration bill that has gone nowhere in the House. Advocates have increasingly turned their attention to administrative relief. On Tuesday, youth activists began calling out Democratic senators they say haven’t been outspoken enough in favor of that position.

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Review: 'The Immigrant' a somber masterpiece

Floating in past a misty Statue of Liberty, James Gray’s “The Immigrant” somberly gathers its majesty as a metaphor-rich story of passage and survival. It’s an old tale told with rare precision, channeling grand themes into an intimate melodrama.

Ellis Island, a portal of hope and new beginning for films from Elia Kazan’s “America, America” to Francis Ford Coppola’s “The Godfather, Part II,” is here a more complicated rebirth.

In 1921, Ewa (Marion Cotillard) arrives from Poland with her sister, Magda (Angela Sarafyan). A cough gets Magda quarantined and immigration officials are set to turn away Ewa (who arrives with rumors of being a “woman of low morals” from the ship). But there preying on such lost, pretty women is Bruno Weiss (Joaquin Phoenix), who, with a bribe and a handshake, pulls her out of the line and brings her to his Lower East Side apartment.

He’s overly courteous in a false, snake-oil salesman way. (Phoenix modeled him on Hollywood agents). She’s terrified and wary, and sleeps with an ice pick under her pillow. Bruno, a small-time impresario and pimp, welcomes her into his harem of women — many of them not long off the boat, themselves.

They perform strip teases for hooting men in a small theater, and bed them on the side. When they’re turned out of the theater, Bruno takes them to a tunnel in Central Park to find johns.

Cotillard’s Ewa is horrified by the situation she finds herself trapped in, but she’s also resolute to claw her way in New York and to raise money to get her sister out of the hospital. Gray, who co-wrote the script with the late Ric Menello, observes her stealing money from the girls or, to appear healthy for a deportation agent, pricking her finger to redden her cheeks with the blood.

It’s not a clear cut story of an innocent exploited. The tenacious Ewa, who witnessed her parents beheaded, has been through worse back in Poland.

And as despicable as Bruno is, he develops a love for Ewa and a contradictory urge to protect her. He rages with jealousy when his cousin, Emil (Jeremy Renner), a magician Ewa first sees perform at Ellis Island, pursues her.

Surely, a handsome illusionist rhapsodizing about the American Dream — as Emil does in his act — is not the most subtle critique. If Emil embodies all the lies of America, Bruno is its ugly truths: capitalistic and shameless. For Phoenix, always unpredictable, volatile and raw, it’s perhaps his finest performance — one of sweeping contradictions, roiling turmoil and, as if the cherry on top, a late touch of Brando.

Gray, whose grandparents emigrated from Russia, has made a career — from “Little Odessa” to “We Own the Night” — in portraying the working-class lives of Brooklyn immigrants and their descendants. In “The Immigrant,” with its Lower East Side tenements bathed in sepia tones (care of the excellent cinematography by Darius Khondji), he has gone to the source of his font. Gray has said he was inspired by Puccini, and with a staggering last shot, “The Immigrant” reaches a crescendo of operatic beauty.

“The Immigrant,” a Weinstein Co. release, is rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America for “sexual content, nudity and some language.” Running time: 117 minutes. Three and a half stars out of four.

___

MPAA rating definition for R: Restricted. Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian.

___

Follow AP Film Writer Jake Coyle on Twitter at: http://twitter.com/jake_coyle

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Europe revives an old, ugly tradition: Expulsion

Amid a rise in populist politics and anti-immigrant sentiment, wealthier European countries have begun to expel cross-European migrants.

By Ian Mount

EU Flags Fly at the European Commission Building Brussels Belgium

FORTUNE — During Spain’s early 21st century boom, immigration boosted the country’s population from 40.5 million to 46.2 million. But with the onslaught of its economic crisis, some 2.2 million people picked up and left the country, according to Spain’s National Statistics Institute.

Most were immigrants returning home, but 262,000 were Spaniards, many of whom went north to look for work in wealthier countries like England, Germany, and Belgium.

Today, the tide is turning once again and Spaniards are coming home. Amid a rise in populist politics and anti-immigrant sentiment, wealthier European countries have begun to expel cross-European migrants, especially those from southern Europe and from Bulgaria and Romania, which have large Roma populations.

A 2004 EU directive has served as justification for EU countries to expel people who have become an “unreasonable burden on the social assistance system of the host Member State.”

MORE: Can Thailand keep from falling apart?

The number of Europeans expelled from Belgium exploded from 343 in 2010 to 2,712 last year, when 323 Spaniards, 265 Italians, and 176 French lost their residency permits; 1,200 Romanians and Bulgarians were also told to leave. Similarly, to curb so-called welfare tourism, Germany is considering a limit of between three and six months for migrants to find a job or leave.

Katerina Lisenkova, a research fellow at the National Institute of Economic and Social Research, a British think tank, says that anti-immigrant sentiment in the U.K. and Europe is in response to the 2004 expansion of the EU, which brought in 10 new member countries, as well as the recent financial crisis.

“The U.K. experienced a huge influx of immigration after 2004. And in times of hardship, people tend to be less welcoming,” she says.

But while such sentiments may be understandable, they may cause long-term economic pain, and in the short run, they may not save any money.

British Prime Minister David Cameron has said his Conservative Party government aims to reduce annual net immigration from “hundreds of thousands” to “tens of thousands.” In a recent study, Lisenkova and her co-authors modeled what would happen if net immigration was cut in half from its 2012 level of 177,000. The authors found that by 2060 GDP would decrease by 11% and the government would have to raise income taxes by 2.2 percentage points to make up for budget shortfalls.

In addition to providing GDP growth, migrants — even if occasionally unemployed — provide a net short-term economic gain to the countries they move to, says Herbert Brücker, who heads the international comparisons and European integration department at Germany’s Institute for Employment Research.

“Immigrants have higher recipient rates of means-tested benefits and unemployment benefits, about twice as high as natives, but they receive much less benefits from pensions and the health insurance system,” says Brücker.

According to Brücker, studies have shown that immigrants provide an average 2,000-euro net annual gain to Germany. “Germany has a rapidly aging native population, and there is a substantial gain for the welfare state from further immigration, which works particularly well for the pension system,” he says.

The “benefits tourist” — or moocher — appears to be more a rumor than a reality. A recent study commissioned by the European Commission and conducted by GHK, a London consultancy, found that while the number of non-working EU migrants living in EU countries rose from 3 million in 2007 to 4.3 million in 2012, there was little evidence that the main motivation to migrate inside the EU was “benefit-related as opposed to work or family-related.”

The study also found that the “impact of such [benefits] claims on national welfare budgets is very low.” According to the report, non-working EU migrants only accounted for an average of 0.2% of health care expenditures.

“For a wealthy country like Belgium, the financial burden of providing 400 euros a month of social aid to 3,000 people, many of whom have been paying into the social security system for a long time, to me sincerely does not appear excessive,” says Sara Lafuente, a Spanish labor lawyer and a Brussels-based researcher at the EU-funded Changing Employment project.

MORE: The $3.2B Apple-Beats rumor: What the analysts are saying

So, what’s behind the crackdown on EU migrants who lose their jobs or scholarships? Herbert Brücker, the German academic, attributes the change in sentiment to small events that have unsettled the already fragile support for immigration and foreign residents. “You can convince the population for a short time that they need migration economically, but it’s never very popular,” he says.

As catalysts, Brücker points to the small but visible number of Roma immigrants who have clustered in cities like Disbourg, as well as Germany is Digging its Own Grave, a 2010 book in which Bundesbank board member Thilo Sarrazin argues that most of Germany’s immigrants cannot be integrated into its society.

Anti-immigrant rhetoric and high-profile expulsions of a few unemployed visitors may win votes. But these elements may also fray one of the aspects of the EU that residents still truly embrace.

“There were 300 or so Spaniards expelled [from Belgium last year]. The number is small. But it’s very symbolic,” says Lafuente. “For Europeans, one of the big pillars we got with the EU is the free circulation of people. If you ask Europeans what they most value about the EU, it’s not the unified market nor the austerity policies, but being free to move to another country.”

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Europe revives ugly tradition: Expulsion

Amid a rise in populist politics and anti-immigrant sentiment, wealthier European countries have begun to expel cross-European migrants.

By Ian Mount

EU Flags Fly at the European Commission Building Brussels Belgium

FORTUNE — During Spain’s early 21st century boom, immigration boosted the country’s population from 40.5 million to 46.2 million. But with the onslaught of its economic crisis, some 2.2 million people picked up and left the country, according to Spain’s National Statistics Institute.

Most were immigrants returning home, but 262,000 were Spaniards, many of whom went north to look for work in wealthier countries like England, Germany, and Belgium.

Today, the tide is turning once again and Spaniards are coming home. Amid a rise in populist politics and anti-immigrant sentiment, wealthier European countries have begun to expel cross-European migrants, especially those from southern Europe and from Bulgaria and Romania, which have large Roma populations.

A 2004 EU directive has served as justification for EU countries to expel people who have become an “unreasonable burden on the social assistance system of the host Member State.”

MORE: Can Thailand keep from falling apart?

The number of Europeans expelled from Belgium exploded from 343 in 2010 to 2,712 last year, when 323 Spaniards, 265 Italians, and 176 French lost their residency permits; 1,200 Romanians and Bulgarians were also told to leave. Similarly, to curb so-called welfare tourism, Germany is considering a limit of between three and six months for migrants to find a job or leave.

Katerina Lisenkova, a research fellow at the National Institute of Economic and Social Research, a British think tank, says that anti-immigrant sentiment in the U.K. and Europe is in response to the 2004 expansion of the EU, which brought in 10 new member countries, as well as the recent financial crisis.

“The U.K. experienced a huge influx of immigration after 2004. And in times of hardship, people tend to be less welcoming,” she says.

But while such sentiments may be understandable, they may cause long-term economic pain, and in the short run, they may not save any money.

British Prime Minister David Cameron has said his Conservative Party government aims to reduce annual net immigration from “hundreds of thousands” to “tens of thousands.” In a recent study, Lisenkova and her co-authors modeled what would happen if net immigration was cut in half from its 2012 level of 177,000. The authors found that by 2060 GDP would decrease by 11% and the government would have to raise income taxes by 2.2 percentage points to make up for budget shortfalls.

In addition to providing GDP growth, migrants — even if occasionally unemployed — provide a net short-term economic gain to the countries they move to, says Herbert Brücker, who heads the international comparisons and European integration department at Germany’s Institute for Employment Research.

“Immigrants have higher recipient rates of means-tested benefits and unemployment benefits, about twice as high as natives, but they receive much less benefits from pensions and the health insurance system,” says Brücker.

According to Brücker, studies have shown that immigrants provide an average 2,000-euro net annual gain to Germany. “Germany has a rapidly aging native population, and there is a substantial gain for the welfare state from further immigration, which works particularly well for the pension system,” he says.

The “benefits tourist” — or moocher — appears to be more a rumor than a reality. A recent study commissioned by the European Commission and conducted by GHK, a London consultancy, found that while the number of non-working EU migrants living in EU countries rose from 3 million in 2007 to 4.3 million in 2012, there was little evidence that the main motivation to migrate inside the EU was “benefit-related as opposed to work or family-related.”

The study also found that the “impact of such [benefits] claims on national welfare budgets is very low.” According to the report, non-working EU migrants only accounted for an average of 0.2% of health care expenditures.

“For a wealthy country like Belgium, the financial burden of providing 400 euros a month of social aid to 3,000 people, many of whom have been paying into the social security system for a long time, to me sincerely does not appear excessive,” says Sara Lafuente, a Spanish labor lawyer and a Brussels-based researcher at the EU-funded Changing Employment project.

MORE: The $3.2B Apple-Beats rumor: What the analysts are saying

So, what’s behind the crackdown on EU migrants who lose their jobs or scholarships? Herbert Brücker, the German academic, attributes the change in sentiment to small events that have unsettled the already fragile support for immigration and foreign residents. “You can convince the population for a short time that they need migration economically, but it’s never very popular,” he says.

As catalysts, Brücker points to the small but visible number of Roma immigrants who have clustered in cities like Disbourg, as well as Germany is Digging its Own Grave, a 2010 book in which Bundesbank board member Thilo Sarrazin argues that most of Germany’s immigrants cannot be integrated into its society.

Anti-immigrant rhetoric and high-profile expulsions of a few unemployed visitors may win votes. But these elements may also fray one of the aspects of the EU that residents still truly embrace.

“There were 300 or so Spaniards expelled [from Belgium last year]. The number is small. But it’s very symbolic,” says Lafuente. “For Europeans, one of the big pillars we got with the EU is the free circulation of people. If you ask Europeans what they most value about the EU, it’s not the unified market nor the austerity policies, but being free to move to another country.”

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'The Immigrant': James Gray on Puccini and other opera influences

James Gray recalled attending a performance at Los Angeles Opera that would eventually inspire him to make his latest movie, “The Immigrant,” which opens Friday and stars Marion Cotillard, Joaquin Phoenix and Jeremy Renner.

It was 2008 and the production was “Il Trittico” — a set of three short operas by Giacomo Puccini — at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion. Gray remembered being particularly struck by the second one, “Suor Angelica,” directed by William Friedkin.

“I just felt that it was transcendent. I remember I was just crying,” Gray said in a recent interview in Beverly Hills. “I said to my wife on the way home that this to me is what dramatic art is meant to be.”

The director used the essence Puccini’s operetta as a springboard to make “The Immigrant,” which he described as “a verismo opera written for an actress.”

In both stories, a saintly heroine is cruelly deceived by those whom she trusts. But rather than take revenge, she learns the value of forgiveness and in so doing attains a level of spiritual grace.

In the Puccini piece, the protagonist is a young woman sent to live in a convent after having a child out of wedlock. In “The Immigrant,” Cotillard plays a Polish emigree in New York who is forced into sex work by a Svengali-like vaudeville impresario (Phoenix).

Gray said he wanted to give the movie an “operatic” feel, though not in the usual sense of the term.

“The word ‘operatic’ is often misused to mean over the top, where someone is over-emoting,” he said. “And that does a terrible disservice because ‘operatic’ to me means a commitment and a belief to the emotion of the moment that is sincere.”

Critics have frequently noted that Gray’s films lack the postmodern ironic tone prevalent among movies by directors of his generation. (He’s slightly younger than Quentin Tarantino.) His movies, which usually focus on working-class people in New York’s outer boroughs, are serious dramas that treat their characters’ dilemmas with an emotional directness and tragic grandeur.

Gray said he counts opera among his artistic passions. “It’s the last island of sincere emotion that exists in our culture,” he said.

“I feel like it’s a real shame that my generation doesn’t make an appearance at the opera,” he continued. “I try to get my filmmaker friends to go and they’re like, what’s that? Opera?”

“The Immigrant” contains references to a few other Puccini masterpieces. One scene portrays Enrico Caruso (played by tenor Joseph Calleja) performing a selection from “La Rondine” to an audience of immigrants on Ellis Island.

The scene is based on a real performance that Caruso gave. “We tried to get that concert as accurate as possible,” said Gray. “I cheated on the date — I think he sang eight or nine months earlier” than what is portrayed in the movie.

The film also includes references to Puccini’s “The Girl of the Golden West” — snippets can be heard on the soundtrack, and the Cotillard character longs to leave brutal New York for the warmth of California.

Selections from Charles Guonod’s “Romeo and Juliet” and Richard Wagner’s “Die Walkure” are also featured on the soundtrack, as well as excerpts from the late John Taverner’s “Funeral Canticle.” (Gray worked with composer Christopher Spelman on the operatic arrangements.)

Gray is so passionate about opera that he can discuss the virtues of certain Puccini recordings over others. He keeps some of his favorite operatic selections on his smartphone, ready for instant playback, including the “Romeo and Juliet” passage from the movie.

His last film “Two Lovers,” starring Phoenix and Gwyneth Paltrow, was also infused with opera and featured references to Puccini’s “Manon Lescaut,” among others.

Gray has never directed an actual opera, though he said he was offered a chance in Qatar, of all places. He said he had to decline the offer due to scheduling reasons.

“If L.A. Opera or the Metropolitan Opera asked me, it would be difficult for me to turn them down,” he said.

Copyright © 2014, Los Angeles Times

Source Article from http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-cm-the-immigrant-james-gray-on-puccini-and-other-opera-influences-20140512-story.html?track=rss
'The Immigrant': James Gray on Puccini and other opera influences
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'The Immigrant': James Gray on Puccini and other opera influences

James Gray recalled attending a performance at Los Angeles Opera that would eventually inspire him to make his latest movie, “The Immigrant,” which opens Friday and stars Marion Cotillard, Joaquin Phoenix and Jeremy Renner.

It was 2008 and the production was “Il Trittico” — a set of three short operas by Giacomo Puccini — at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion. Gray remembered being particularly struck by the second one, “Suor Angelica,” directed by William Friedkin.

“I just felt that it was transcendent. I remember I was just crying,” Gray said in a recent interview in Beverly Hills. “I said to my wife on the way home that this to me is what dramatic art is meant to be.”

The director used the essence Puccini’s operetta as a springboard to make “The Immigrant,” which he described as “a verismo opera written for an actress.”

In both stories, a saintly heroine is cruelly deceived by those whom she trusts. But rather than take revenge, she learns the value of forgiveness and in so doing attains a level of spiritual grace.

In the Puccini piece, the protagonist is a young woman sent to live in a convent after having a child out of wedlock. In “The Immigrant,” Cotillard plays a Polish emigree in New York who is forced into sex work by a Svengali-like vaudeville impresario (Phoenix).

Gray said he wanted to give the movie an “operatic” feel, though not in the usual sense of the term.

“The word ‘operatic’ is often misused to mean over the top, where someone is over-emoting,” he said. “And that does a terrible disservice because ‘operatic’ to me means a commitment and a belief to the emotion of the moment that is sincere.”

Critics have frequently noted that Gray’s films lack the postmodern ironic tone prevalent among movies by directors of his generation. (He’s slightly younger than Quentin Tarantino.) His movies, which usually focus on working-class people in New York’s outer boroughs, are serious dramas that treat their characters’ dilemmas with an emotional directness and tragic grandeur.

Gray said he counts opera among his artistic passions. “It’s the last island of sincere emotion that exists in our culture,” he said.

“I feel like it’s a real shame that my generation doesn’t make an appearance at the opera,” he continued. “I try to get my filmmaker friends to go and they’re like, what’s that? Opera?”

“The Immigrant” contains references to a few other Puccini masterpieces. One scene portrays Enrico Caruso (played by tenor Joseph Calleja) performing a selection from “La Rondine” to an audience of immigrants on Ellis Island.

The scene is based on a real performance that Caruso gave. “We tried to get that concert as accurate as possible,” said Gray. “I cheated on the date — I think he sang eight or nine months earlier” than what is portrayed in the movie.

The film also includes references to Puccini’s “The Girl of the Golden West” — snippets can be heard on the soundtrack, and the Cotillard character longs to leave brutal New York for the warmth of California.

Selections from Charles Guonod’s “Romeo and Juliet” and Richard Wagner’s “Die Walkure” are also featured on the soundtrack, as well as excerpts from the late John Taverner’s “Funeral Canticle.” (Gray worked with composer Christopher Spelman on the operatic arrangements.)

Gray is so passionate about opera that he can discuss the virtues of certain Puccini recordings over others. He keeps some of his favorite operatic selections on his smartphone, ready for instant playback, including the “Romeo and Juliet” passage from the movie.

His last film “Two Lovers,” starring Phoenix and Gwyneth Paltrow, was also infused with opera and featured references to Puccini’s “Manon Lescaut,” among others.

Gray has never directed an actual opera, though he said he was offered a chance in Qatar, of all places. He said he had to decline the offer due to scheduling reasons.

“If L.A. Opera or the Metropolitan Opera asked me, it would be difficult for me to turn them down,” he said.

Copyright © 2014, Los Angeles Times

Source Article from http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-cm-the-immigrant-james-gray-on-puccini-and-other-opera-influences-20140512-story.html?track=rss
'The Immigrant': James Gray on Puccini and other opera influences
http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-cm-the-immigrant-james-gray-on-puccini-and-other-opera-influences-20140512-story.html?track=rss
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'The Immigrant': James Gray on Puccini and other opera influences

James Gray recalled attending a performance at Los Angeles Opera that would eventually inspire him to make his latest movie, “The Immigrant,” which opens Friday and stars Marion Cotillard, Joaquin Phoenix and Jeremy Renner.

It was 2008 and the production was “Il Trittico” — a set of three short operas by Giacomo Puccini — at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion. Gray remembered being particularly struck by the second one, “Suor Angelica,” directed by William Friedkin.

“I just felt that it was transcendent. I remember I was just crying,” Gray said in a recent interview in Beverly Hills. “I said to my wife on the way home that this to me is what dramatic art is meant to be.”

The director used the essence Puccini’s operetta as a springboard to make “The Immigrant,” which he described as “a verismo opera written for an actress.”

In both stories, a saintly heroine is cruelly deceived by those whom she trusts. But rather than take revenge, she learns the value of forgiveness and in so doing attains a level of spiritual grace.

In the Puccini piece, the protagonist is a young woman sent to live in a convent after having a child out of wedlock. In “The Immigrant,” Cotillard plays a Polish emigree in New York who is forced into sex work by a Svengali-like vaudeville impresario (Phoenix).

Gray said he wanted to give the movie an “operatic” feel, though not in the usual sense of the term.

“The word ‘operatic’ is often misused to mean over the top, where someone is over-emoting,” he said. “And that does a terrible disservice because ‘operatic’ to me means a commitment and a belief to the emotion of the moment that is sincere.”

Critics have frequently noted that Gray’s films lack the postmodern ironic tone prevalent among movies by directors of his generation. (He’s slightly younger than Quentin Tarantino.) His movies, which usually focus on working-class people in New York’s outer boroughs, are serious dramas that treat their characters’ dilemmas with an emotional directness and tragic grandeur.

Gray said he counts opera among his artistic passions. “It’s the last island of sincere emotion that exists in our culture,” he said.

“I feel like it’s a real shame that my generation doesn’t make an appearance at the opera,” he continued. “I try to get my filmmaker friends to go and they’re like, what’s that? Opera?”

“The Immigrant” contains references to a few other Puccini masterpieces. One scene portrays Enrico Caruso (played by tenor Joseph Calleja) performing a selection from “La Rondine” to an audience of immigrants on Ellis Island.

The scene is based on a real performance that Caruso gave. “We tried to get that concert as accurate as possible,” said Gray. “I cheated on the date — I think he sang eight or nine months earlier” than what is portrayed in the movie.

The film also includes references to Puccini’s “The Girl of the Golden West” — snippets can be heard on the soundtrack, and the Cotillard character longs to leave brutal New York for the warmth of California.

Selections from Charles Guonod’s “Romeo and Juliet” and Richard Wagner’s “Die Walkure” are also featured on the soundtrack, as well as excerpts from the late John Taverner’s “Funeral Canticle.” (Gray worked with composer Christopher Spelman on the operatic arrangements.)

Gray is so passionate about opera that he can discuss the virtues of certain Puccini recordings over others. He keeps some of his favorite operatic selections on his smartphone, ready for instant playback, including the “Romeo and Juliet” passage from the movie.

His last film “Two Lovers,” starring Phoenix and Gwyneth Paltrow, was also infused with opera and featured references to Puccini’s “Manon Lescaut,” among others.

Gray has never directed an actual opera, though he said he was offered a chance in Qatar, of all places. He said he had to decline the offer due to scheduling reasons.

“If L.A. Opera or the Metropolitan Opera asked me, it would be difficult for me to turn them down,” he said.

Copyright © 2014, Los Angeles Times

Source Article from http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-cm-the-immigrant-james-gray-on-puccini-and-other-opera-influences-20140512-story.html?track=rss
'The Immigrant': James Gray on Puccini and other opera influences
http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-cm-the-immigrant-james-gray-on-puccini-and-other-opera-influences-20140512-story.html?track=rss
http://news.search.yahoo.com/news/rss?p=immigrant
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